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UC Berkeley

Scientists have long debated whether comb jellies (left) or sponges (right) are the sister group to all other animals. A detailed comparison of the chromosomes of these and other animals to the chromosomes of three single-celled non-animal groups finally resolves the question. (Photos courtesy of MBARI)

What did the earliest animals look like?

Categories Life & Non-humans

Farm

To more effectively sequester biomass and carbon, just add salt

Categories Earth, Energy & Environment

Speciesism places Homo sapiens at the top of a hierarchy that is often used to justify sacrificing other animals, plants, fungi and microbes for the benefit of humanity. A different perspective is needed to ensure the survival of Earth’s ecosystem and ultimately humans themselves, a new book argues.

Speciesism, like racism, imperils humanity and the planet

Categories Life & Non-humans

Man at work desk

Who flirts to get ahead at work? Study finds it’s most often subordinate men

Categories Brain & Behavior, Social Sciences

Social cost of carbon more than triple the current federal estimate

Categories Earth, Energy & Environment, Social Sciences

The long-used Heat Index table (top) underestimates the apparent temperature for the most extreme heat and humidity conditions occurring today (center). The corrected version (bottom) is accurate over the entire range of temperatures and humidities humans will encounter with climate change.

Today’s heat waves feel a lot hotter than heat index implies

Categories Earth, Energy & Environment

Artist’s concept of a Neptune-sized planet, left, around a blue, A-type star. UC Berkeley astronomers have discovered a hard-to-find gas giant around one of these bright, but short-lived, stars, right at the edge of the hot Neptune desert where the star’s strong radiation likely strips any giant planet of its gas.

Brightest stars in the night sky can strip Neptune-sized planets to their rocky cores

Categories Physics & Mathematics, Space

Carbon dioxide (depicted in red and white at left) is the main greenhouse gas warming Earth and is emitted in large quantities in the flue gases from industrial and power plants. A new method for removing CO2 from these flue gases involves piping the emissions through a porous material based on the chemical melamine (center). DETA, a chemical bound inside the porous melamine, grabs CO2 and removes it from the gas, with nitrogen vented to the atmosphere.

A simple, cheap material for carbon capture, perhaps from tailpipes

Categories Earth, Energy & Environment, Technology

A spinning neutron star periodically swings its radio (green) and gamma-ray (magenta) beams past Earth in this artist’s concept of a black widow pulsar. The neutron star/pulsar heats the facing side of its stellar partner (right) to temperatures twice as hot as the sun’s surface and slowly evaporates it. (Image credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center)

Heaviest neutron star to date is a ‘black widow’ eating its mate

Categories Physics & Mathematics, Space

Astronomers measured the velocity of a faint star (green circle) that has been stripped of nearly its entire mass by an invisible companion, a neutron star and millisecond pulsar that they determined to be the most massive yet found and perhaps the upper limit for neutron stars. The objects are in the constellation Sextans.

Heaviest neutron star to date is a ‘black widow’ eating its mate

Categories Physics & Mathematics, Space

UC Berkeley and Columbia University scientists have found that pancreatic cancer cells (left) readily metastasize because these tumors suppress levels of an enzyme, MSRA, that pulls oxygen atoms off amino acids called methionine. As MSRA levels decrease, methionines on proteins become more oxidized. This causes one particular protein to rev up energy production in the tumor, promoting the migration of cancer cells to other organs. Metastatic tumors on the liver (right) lead to rapid death.

Scientists find trigger that sets off metastasis in pancreatic cancer

Categories Health

Skydiving salamanders live in world’s tallest trees

Categories Life & Non-humans

Despite ideals, people don’t really like reducing inequality, study finds

Categories Brain & Behavior, Social Sciences

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